Vapor-burner



(No Model.)

H. S. BELDBN.

VAPOR BURNER.

Patented July 23 N. PETERS, Pnqwum n lw. Walhinglon. mV 0. V

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY S. BELDEN, OF CANTON, OHIO.

VAPOR-BU RN ER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 407,632, dated July 23, 1889.

Application filed May 23, 1887. Serial No. 239,093. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern/.-

Be it known that I, HENRY S. BELDEN, a citizen of the United States, residing at (Janton, in the county of Stark and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Vapor-Burners, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 is a side view of a burner and the devices for supplying it embodying my improvements. Fig. 2 is a vertical central section. Figs. 3 and 4: show some of the details separately.

I have shown in the drawings a vaporburner of one of the forms which can be constructed so as to contain the features of the present invention; but it will be understood that in several respects there can be modifications without departing from the essential features of the invention.

In the drawings, A represents the retort or a part thereof wherein the vapor is initially formed from the oil. This part A is shown as a cap-piece secured to the end of a tube or pipe A, which is so arranged that when in use it is situated longitudinally on lines inclined to the horizon, (being preferably at about thirty to forty-five degrees the'reto,) and at the lower end is connected to the downpipe A through which the oil descends from the reservoir. So far as concerns the downpipe A the pipe A, and the coupling A the construction shown is substantially similar to that shown in my former patent, No. 354,300. The pipe A is of a diameter considerably larger than that of the downpipe A and when in use is partly filled with vapor, the latter as it is generated exerting a backward pressure upon the oil-to such an extent as to produce an equilibrium. I herein refer to this pipe or tube A as being unpacked, and mean thereby that it does not contain any of the ordinary packings-such as emery, sand, cotton, and wire-but is entirely unobstructed, the body of oil within the pipe A being itself depended upon as a packing to prevent recoil either of vapor or flame to the reservoir.

Extensive experience with devices of the character shown in mysaid patent, No. $54,300, has led me to material improvements upon the construction therein shown.

In the present construction the aforesaid cap A is cast with a horizontally-arranged tube O, with a chamber 0 therein, through which passes the needle-valve O, the latter being also arranged horizontally.

B represents the passageway or duct by which thechamber in cap A connects with that in tube 0. \Vith these parts A 0 there are also cast a shield K and an extension F, with a horizontal passage-way f therein. Itis not essential that these parts A, O, K, and F shall be cast integrally; but I prefer to so form them, as they can be in that way produced cheaply and conveniently, and the device as a whole is simple in character. The valve-seat is at (1, there being a passage-way D, through which there is communication from the chamber 0 to that at f.

E E represent the orifices through which air enters, they communicating with the vent or passage-way D, and this air becomes thoroughly mixed in the chamber at F with the vapor which passes from the parts A and O. The tube F is joined to the burner proper, (generally, indicated by H it having the lower part G, with a chamber g, and at the top having the burner-tip H. The bottom of the burner is closed, as shown at g. It is joined to the part F by a lateral extension 71-, adapted to be fitted upon said part F. Near the bottom of this part of the burner there is formed a horizontal orifice I, to supply vapor for the heating-jet. cause the heating-j et to impinge directly upon the cap A of the retort and upon the extended shield K. The heating-j et in such a construction is thus brought to bear upon all of the parts wherein the vapor is generated and through which it is conducted to the burnerti L represents a sleeve which is fitted to the tube 0, this sleeve being adapted to cover more or less of the air orifice or orifices E, and by means of it the quantity of air admitted can be readily controlled. The quantity of vapor allowed to pass to the burner is regulated by the valve 0, as will be readily understood.

It will be not only seen, as .above set forth, that the heating-j et from the orifice I impinges directly on the mixing-chamber F, the gasholder G, the shield-K, and the cap A, butmediately adjacent to the shield or wing K, and that consequently the air will be highly heated before it can enter said orifices. This is a matter y'ery desirable in Vapor-burners containing mixing-chambers, and after the air and vapor have been brought together they are superheated as they pass through the chambers f and G and are caused to thoroughly intermingle, the needle-orifice for the vapor at D being in this construction at the hottest part of the device, so that the vapor initially and the air and vapor subsequently are subjected to great and continuous heat from the time they escape at B until they are inflamed at H and I, perfect combustion being attained by this arrangement of parts.

It is well-known that several requirements must be met in order to attain success with burners of this class.

First. The heating-jet must be in the closest possible proximity to both the needle-valve orifice and the air-orifices, and at the same time the whole burner must be compact and simple in construction.

Second. Air must not onlybe introduced at the hottest part, but the quantity must be under easy control. An excess of air over the hydrocarbon vapor causes the flame to be blue and not luminous, and, on the other hand, an insuificiency of air in proportion to the vapor produces a reddish and smoky flame. Ileretofore it has been the custom to attempt, when the burners are initially made, to form the orifices for the vapor and the air of such relative sizes that the material shall be introduced in proper proportions; but when the burners are in use the vapor-orifices become too large in relation to the air-orifices, and it is necessary to enlarge the airorifices from time to time to prevent the burner from smoking. In the present construction the airorifices are initially made larger in proportion to the vapor-orifices than is at first necessary; but by combining therewith the sleeve L the air-opening can be so reduced as to admit the proper quantity, and after this adjustment has been once effected the parts can be allowed to remain in position until an oil of another quality is used, or until the vaporpassages have become enlarged, after which another adjustment can be made.

In another respect this burner differs from those heretofore in usenamely, in this,that the vapor does not pass directly upward from the air-orifices of the mixing-chamber, but it first passes through the mixing-chamber in a horizontal direction, and then into a chamber or holder G, which is transverse to the mixing-chamber. In burners of the ordinary sort the vapor is constantly pulsating in its movements to the burner-tip, producing an irregular flame, whereas in one of the character herein described the flow of the vapor is checked, and it is taken into an enlarged chamber, where it is turned from the course which it followed when under thcmost pressure, so that it escapes at the tip with uniform motion.

Vapor-burners are very liable to form and gather deposits of sediment, incrustations, &c., and in those where use is made of anumber of narrow long passages there is a co11- stant clogging of the latter, and they can be kept in an operative condition only with great inconvenience and at considerable expense, especially where they are used in large numbers by one and the same partyas, for instance, in the lighting of streets.

One of the objects of the present invention is to simplify the parts and so arrange them that much of the annoyance, trouble, and expense incident to the cleaning is done away with. The vapor is takenfrom the top of the enlarged retort A through a short wide passage-way immediately to the jet orifices. \Vhen the valve C is moved, itloosens any incrnstations or foreign material, and the latter falls by gravity into the large tube A, where it can accumulate in considerable quantities without causing serious inconvenience, and from which it can be readily withdrawn.

\Vhat I claim is 1. In a vapor-burner, the combination of: the downpipe, the burner and unpacked retort-chamber enlarged relatively to the downpipe and inclined substantially as set forth, whereby the top surface of oil in the retortchamber can be enlarged and a body of oil can be utilized to prevent recoil, a vertical vapor-passage, as at B, extending up from the retort, a horizontally-arranged needle-valve above the retort, a valve-chamber therefor on top of the retort, and an air-mixing chamber between the needle-orifice and the burner, substantially as set forth.

2. In a vaporburner, the combination, with the retort, of a horizontally-arranged needlevalve above the retort, the Valve-chamber therefor, the horizontal mixing-chamber communicating with the valve-chamber, the vertical gas holder or chamber transverse to the mixing-chamber, the burner-tip above the gas holder, and the jetorifice in the wall. of the gas-holder, substantially as set forth.

3. A vapor-burner having a burner-tip with an orifice for an illuminating-flame, a mixingchamber with an orifice for admitting air to IIO the mixingachamber, and a heating-orifice supplemental to the illuminating-jet orifice and formed on a line converging with the line of the said air-orifice, whereby it is adapted to direct a jet of vapor against the metal surrounding said air-orifice, substantially as set forth.

4. A vapor-burner having alnn-ner-tip with an orifice for an illuminating-i'lame, a gaschamber directly below said tip, a horizontally-arranged miXing-chamber communicating with the gaschambcr, an orifice for the admission of air to the mixing-chan1li er,whereby the air and vapor are mingled prior to entering the vertical gas-chamber, and a heating-jet orifice or duct leading from the gaschamber and directed toward the metal around the air-orifice, substantially as set forth.

5. A vapor-burner having a burner-tip with an orifice for an illuminating-flame, a gaschamber directly below the burner-tip, an orifice for the admission of air to the gaschamber, and a heating-orifice supplemental to the illuminating-orifice and situated below the air-orifice, whereby the flame from the heating-orifice rises and bears against the metal around the air-orifice, substantially as set forth.

6. A vapor-burner having a burner-tip with an illuminating-jet orifice, a mixing-chamber, a vapor-orifice communicating with the duct in said mixing-chamber, an air-orifice for admitting air to said duct, a gas-chamber havin g a duct for the mingled vapor and air situated at an angle to the duct in the mixingchamber, and havinga heating-j et orifice supplemental to the illuminating-jet orifice, and directed to throw the heating-flame into immediate proximity to both the aforesaid vapor-orifice and air-orifice entering the mixingchamber, substantially as described.

7. In a vapor-burner, the combination of the supply and retort tube A, the verticallyarranged duct B, the burner G H upon one side of said duct, the air-orifices E between the burner GH and the wall of the said duct B, the valve-chamber extending from the said duct B in the direction opposite to that of the burner, and the sleeve L, extending from the said air-orifice along the outside of the valvechamber to a point on the opposite side of the duct B, and adapted to slide loosely 011 said valve-chamber, substantially as described.

8. The combination, with the downpipe, of the unpacked pipe A, of larger diameter than the downpipe, whereby an enlarged surface of oil is presented and recoil is prevented, the air-mixing chamber on the top of said pipe A and arranged horizontally, and a verticallyarranged gas-holder with its wall situated transverse to the said mixing-chamber and having a heating-jet orifice, and a burner-tip at the upper end of said gas-holder having an illuminating-jet orifice supplemental to the heating-jet orifice, substantially as set forth.

9. The combination of the downpipe, the unpacked pipe A, inclined to the horizon and enlarged relatively to the downpipe, the horizontal mixing-chamber, the duct B, extending upward from pipe A, the needle-valve arranged on a line diverging from the axis of pipe A, the vertical gas-chamber communicating with the horizontal mixing-chamber, and the burner-tip atthe top thereof, substantially as set forth.

10. The combination, with the inclined unpacked pipe A, adapted to hold a body of oil in its lower end and a body of vapor in the upper end, of the cap-piece for said pipe, formed with a mixing-chamber having airorifices and the valve-chamber, the walls of horizontally arranged needle valve and valve-orifice, and avertically arranged vaporholder with a vertically-arranged burner-tip at the upper end, a closed'lower end, and a heating-j et orifice supplemental to the illuminating-orifice, said parts being arranged sub- 

